New sensor to detect ammonia

Researchers in Cork have developed a sensor which aims to significantly advance the detection of ammonia (NH3) pollution in real-time.

This technology could transform environmental monitoring, removing the cost barriers to farmers and supporting the enhancement of sustainable farming practices.

Current technologies for NH3 measurement include spectroscopic techniques and sensors that can be expensive, bulky, and impractical for widespread or field applications.

The new silicon nanowire sensor developed by UCC researchers offers an alternative. This breakthrough is a result of the EU-funded RADICAL project led by UCC, with the findings published in the journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.

The nanowire sensor is sensitive and precise, consumes minimal power, and operates at room temperature, allowing for real-time air quality monitoring.

Dr Vaishali Vardhan, lead author of the paper said: “This new sensor is a powerful tool for both air quality monitoring and research. It is low in cost, small, and suitable for large-scale deployment. What distinguishes our technology is the use of bare silicon nanowires—avoiding complex hybridisation techniques—which makes the sensor more affordable and scalable. The integration of UV light further boosts its sensitivity, enabling efficient detection of ammonia at low concentrations.”

Prof.Justin Holmes, RADICAL Project Coordinator commented: “This pioneering technology is set to revolutionise environmental monitoring in the agricultural sector. It will allow farmers to make more informed decisions, benefiting both their businesses and the environment as a whole.”

As the sensor design is compatible with existing technology, they are cost effective and simple to produce. They can also quickly and reliably detect ammonia, even in small amounts, and provide a portable solution for use in diverse environments.

Once in the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with acidic gases to form particulate matter (PM2.5), which can be harmful to human health and could lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Direct exposure can irritate the skin, eyes, and lungs.

Environmentally, excess ammonia causes water pollution, leading to algal blooms and eutrophication, which harm aquatic life. It also impacts air quality and climate.